Ehanced Oil Recovery Essay - 3025 Words

Ehanced Oil Recovery (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDateEnhanced Oil RecoveryContents  TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515273"
I. Executive Summary  PAGEREF _Toc424515273 \h
2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515274"
II. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc424515274 \h
2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515275"
III. Assessment of Criteria  PAGEREF _Toc424515275 \h
4 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515276"
IV. Analysis of Proposed Solutions  PAGEREF _Toc424515276 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515277"
i. Tar Sands Oil as an alternative for Conventional Oil  PAGEREF _Toc424515277 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515278"
ii. Renewable Energy  PAGEREF _Toc424515278 \h
8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515279"
iii. Nuclear Power  PAGEREF _Toc424515279 \h
10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515280"
iv. Enhanced Oil Recovery  PAGEREF _Toc424515280 \h
11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515281"
v. Recommendations  PAGEREF _Toc424515281 \h
13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515282"
vi. Appendix  PAGEREF _Toc424515282 \h
16Executive SummaryPast and recent studies done indicate that global oil production is bound to end in the next ten to twenty years. The International Energy Agency confirms these claims and there are efforts by this and other similar authorities to come up with solutions to the above-mentioned problem. The depletion of current oil reserves has been indicated by the fact that most of the major oil reserves in the world have already been exhausted past their peak production levels. There are several ways of understanding this situation and choosing the way forward for not only the major economies but the entire globe. One of the serious implications of this issue is that the price of oil will get higher in the near future and there are needs to rethink how oil is used in the world. Among the possible solutions for this problem is use of enhanced oil recovery, extraction of tar oil from the coal reserves in places like Canada, accelerating the mobilization of other renewable sourc es of energy and using nuclear energy.IntroductionCrude oil has been serving as a very important source of energy and has been the backbone of many economic development ventures throughout the world. All aspects of the society from agriculture and production of food to politics and commerce depend heavily on the availability of oil and the reachability of the oil reserves now and in the future. Due to the expansion of industries and other sectors that depend on oil, there have been increasing oil demands that surpass the availability of the important resource. Increasing oil demands can be satisfied through various ways and all of these boils down to the fact that there is need for more energy. However, research done in the past and presently both indicate that oil reserves are fast depleting all over the world. More recent research by the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicates that the oil reserves will reach peak levels of oil production much sooner than it had been predicte d before. The IEA has raised alarm over the fact that the world will be facing a disastrous energy crunch in the near future and there is need for everyone to look into all the possible ways this can be contained early enough.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1 : Types of Oil production currently (IEA) The rate at which the major oil reserves currently are depleting is twice the rate that was predicted in 2012. The IEA suggests that the earlier the world starts looking for solutions and alternatives to the oil problem, the better is. It is so because of the fact that all sectors of life currently depend on the availability of oil to be able to move forward. This is how the demands for more oil are increasing vis-a-vis the oil that is available. The solutions to this problem include using enhanced oil recovery methods. The other solution to this problem that has been suggested by some energy specialists is the extraction of tar oil from coal reserves though the environmental and cl imate change concerns of this option have led to it being put on hold. Other solutions are the acceleration of the use of renewable sources of energy like solar energy and encouraging the use of nuclear energy. Enhanced oil recovery is a method that involves the use of advanced technologies to increase the amount of oil that is acquired from oil reserves. In the wake of the problem of reducing oil reserves, the use of enhanced oil recovery methods should be used as other alternative energy sources are being sought.Assessment of Criteria In choosing the best solution that will be used in offering a solution to the problem of reduced oil levels in the world, I will look at the cost of using any of the methods and their impacts on the environment. Another important factor to consider in choosing the best solution to the problem is looking at the amount of time that it will take in being able to get energy from the solution being considered. In assessing these solutions, the attempts th at have been done before to find a solution to this problem will be explored to help come up with the judgment of the solution. One of the most important criteria that all of the suggested solutions should meet is not causing much harm to the environment and contributing to further climate change and because of this, the solutions that have the least effects on the environment are the most likely to be selected.Analysis of Proposed SolutionsTar Sands Oil as an alternative for Conventional Oil. Tar sands are found in large deposits in Canada and it is not used like the conventional crude oil because of the fact that unlike the conventional oil that is extracted from oil reservoirs and processed from crude to more refined oil, tar, otherwise referred to as bitumen is way thicker. This thickness means that it cannot go down pipe drains like the conventional oil. That is why, as a solution to the problem of increased oil demands in the near future, tar soils would require to be proces sed even more before it is ready for use by the industries that used to use the conventional oil. It means that the cost of using it is way up compared to the costs of using conventional oil. Currently, there are two widely known methods that are used in extracting bitumen from the ground; however, it is important to note for the purpose of this research and solution finding process that both of the two processes are very expensive and they involve complex processes that make the use of bitumen a very complex process. The first method is known as open-pit mining and it involves the clearing of land and taking the tar soil deposits to a location where they will be processed to make the oil that will be made available for use. At the processing plant, different chemicals and water are used to extract from the tar soil deposits.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Percentage of Tar Soils in world Oil deposits. Most of the tar soil deposits are still unusedThe process ends when all oil has been extracted from the collected soil deposits and the residue oil is then deposited back at the mines. The process of extracting soil from the soils uses a method that uses hot water to separate the soil to sand, water and the bitumen. The second method of extracting bitumen from the tar soil deposits is called steam extraction. This method involves injecting steam into sand deposits that are deep in the earth close to 225 feet under the surface and it heats the sand to make the oil flow more easily to a second oil pipe that will be used to deliver the soil to the surface where the operations are being done from. It is established that 80% of the tar soil deposits in Canada are deep in the ground and this is the method that is used in extracting the bitumen. In analyzing this option as a solution to the problem of reduced oil availability and reducing oil reserves in the world now, this option can be said to be very expensive because of the use of complex processes in the extraction process. Due to the complexity in the processes, the use of tar soil oil deposits can also be seen to be a very time consuming process and it will not offer the best solution to the problem at hand. This is also due to the fact the problem at hand requires a solution that will take the least amount of time to execute so that the major operations in the world that depend on oil do not come to a stop. Environmentally, the extraction of oil from tar soil deposits produces close to thrice the amount of carbon that is produced during the extraction of conventional oil from crude oil reservoirs. As such, this is not a clean energy source and it will lead to even more damage to the environment compared to the damage to the environment as a result of the use of conventional oil. Apart from these, there is also the other disadvantage of this method that is the destruction of the ecosystem where the soils are found and also the extensive waste of water that is heated and used in t he process to separate the sand from the soil. The ration of amount of water needed to extract oil from soil deposits is 3:1. This goes against the concerns of the industry stakeholders who want to cause as least harm as possible to the environment and to waste important resources like water. Another concern for the stakeholders would be the time-consumption factor that would mean the process gets to produce oil only occasionally. It would slow down the operations in vital industries that rely on oil too much.Renewable Energy. This option as a solution would involve the extraction of energy from sources that are self-replenishing from nature, for example sunlight, geothermal heat, tides, rain and wind. However, despite the fact that these sources of energy are widely known, there is need for sensitizing societies on the use of renewable energy sources as a solution to the problem of increasing oil... Ehanced Oil Recovery Essay - 3025 Words Ehanced Oil Recovery (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDateEnhanced Oil RecoveryContents  TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515273"
I. Executive Summary  PAGEREF _Toc424515273 \h
2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515274"
II. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc424515274 \h
2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515275"
III. Assessment of Criteria  PAGEREF _Toc424515275 \h
4 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515276"
IV. Analysis of Proposed Solutions  PAGEREF _Toc424515276 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515277"
i. Tar Sands Oil as an alternative for Conventional Oil  PAGEREF _Toc424515277 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515278"
ii. Renewable Energy  PAGEREF _Toc424515278 \h
8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515279"
iii. Nuclear Power  PAGEREF _Toc424515279 \h
10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515280"
iv. Enhanced Oil Recovery  PAGEREF _Toc424515280 \h
11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515281"
v. Recommendations  PAGEREF _Toc424515281 \h
13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc424515282"
vi. Appendix  PAGEREF _Toc424515282 \h
16Executive SummaryPast and recent studies done indicate that global oil production is bound to end in the next ten to twenty years. The International Energy Agency confirms these claims and there are efforts by this and other similar authorities to come up with solutions to the above-mentioned problem. The depletion of current oil reserves has been indicated by the fact that most of the major oil reserves in the world have already been exhausted past their peak production levels. There are several ways of understanding this situation and choosing the way forward for not only the major economies but the entire globe. One of the serious implications of this issue is that the price of oil will get higher in the near future and there are needs to rethink how oil is used in the world. Among the possible solutions for this problem is use of enhanced oil recovery, extraction of tar oil from the coal reserves in places like Canada, accelerating the mobilization of other renewable sourc es of energy and using nuclear energy.IntroductionCrude oil has been serving as a very important source of energy and has been the backbone of many economic development ventures throughout the world. All aspects of the society from agriculture and production of food to politics and commerce depend heavily on the availability of oil and the reachability of the oil reserves now and in the future. Due to the expansion of industries and other sectors that depend on oil, there have been increasing oil demands that surpass the availability of the important resource. Increasing oil demands can be satisfied through various ways and all of these boils down to the fact that there is need for more energy. However, research done in the past and presently both indicate that oil reserves are fast depleting all over the world. More recent research by the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicates that the oil reserves will reach peak levels of oil production much sooner than it had been predicte d before. The IEA has raised alarm over the fact that the world will be facing a disastrous energy crunch in the near future and there is need for everyone to look into all the possible ways this can be contained early enough.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1 : Types of Oil production currently (IEA) The rate at which the major oil reserves currently are depleting is twice the rate that was predicted in 2012. The IEA suggests that the earlier the world starts looking for solutions and alternatives to the oil problem, the better is. It is so because of the fact that all sectors of life currently depend on the availability of oil to be able to move forward. This is how the demands for more oil are increasing vis-a-vis the oil that is available. The solutions to this problem include using enhanced oil recovery methods. The other solution to this problem that has been suggested by some energy specialists is the extraction of tar oil from coal reserves though the environmental and cl imate change concerns of this option have led to it being put on hold. Other solutions are the acceleration of the use of renewable sources of energy like solar energy and encouraging the use of nuclear energy. Enhanced oil recovery is a method that involves the use of advanced technologies to increase the amount of oil that is acquired from oil reserves. In the wake of the problem of reducing oil reserves, the use of enhanced oil recovery methods should be used as other alternative energy sources are being sought.Assessment of Criteria In choosing the best solution that will be used in offering a solution to the problem of reduced oil levels in the world, I will look at the cost of using any of the methods and their impacts on the environment. Another important factor to consider in choosing the best solution to the problem is looking at the amount of time that it will take in being able to get energy from the solution being considered. In assessing these solutions, the attempts th at have been done before to find a solution to this problem will be explored to help come up with the judgment of the solution. One of the most important criteria that all of the suggested solutions should meet is not causing much harm to the environment and contributing to further climate change and because of this, the solutions that have the least effects on the environment are the most likely to be selected.Analysis of Proposed SolutionsTar Sands Oil as an alternative for Conventional Oil. Tar sands are found in large deposits in Canada and it is not used like the conventional crude oil because of the fact that unlike the conventional oil that is extracted from oil reservoirs and processed from crude to more refined oil, tar, otherwise referred to as bitumen is way thicker. This thickness means that it cannot go down pipe drains like the conventional oil. That is why, as a solution to the problem of increased oil demands in the near future, tar soils would require to be proces sed even more before it is ready for use by the industries that used to use the conventional oil. It means that the cost of using it is way up compared to the costs of using conventional oil. Currently, there are two widely known methods that are used in extracting bitumen from the ground; however, it is important to note for the purpose of this research and solution finding process that both of the two processes are very expensive and they involve complex processes that make the use of bitumen a very complex process. The first method is known as open-pit mining and it involves the clearing of land and taking the tar soil deposits to a location where they will be processed to make the oil that will be made available for use. At the processing plant, different chemicals and water are used to extract from the tar soil deposits.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Percentage of Tar Soils in world Oil deposits. Most of the tar soil deposits are still unusedThe process ends when all oil has been extracted from the collected soil deposits and the residue oil is then deposited back at the mines. The process of extracting soil from the soils uses a method that uses hot water to separate the soil to sand, water and the bitumen. The second method of extracting bitumen from the tar soil deposits is called steam extraction. This method involves injecting steam into sand deposits that are deep in the earth close to 225 feet under the surface and it heats the sand to make the oil flow more easily to a second oil pipe that will be used to deliver the soil to the surface where the operations are being done from. It is established that 80% of the tar soil deposits in Canada are deep in the ground and this is the method that is used in extracting the bitumen. In analyzing this option as a solution to the problem of reduced oil availability and reducing oil reserves in the world now, this option can be said to be very expensive because of the use of complex processes in the extraction process. Due to the complexity in the processes, the use of tar soil oil deposits can also be seen to be a very time consuming process and it will not offer the best solution to the problem at hand. This is also due to the fact the problem at hand requires a solution that will take the least amount of time to execute so that the major operations in the world that depend on oil do not come to a stop. Environmentally, the extraction of oil from tar soil deposits produces close to thrice the amount of carbon that is produced during the extraction of conventional oil from crude oil reservoirs. As such, this is not a clean energy source and it will lead to even more damage to the environment compared to the damage to the environment as a result of the use of conventional oil. Apart from these, there is also the other disadvantage of this method that is the destruction of the ecosystem where the soils are found and also the extensive waste of water that is heated and used in t he process to separate the sand from the soil. The ration of amount of water needed to extract oil from soil deposits is 3:1. This goes against the concerns of the industry stakeholders who want to cause as least harm as possible to the environment and to waste important resources like water. Another concern for the stakeholders would be the time-consumption factor that would mean the process gets to produce oil only occasionally. It would slow down the operations in vital industries that rely on oil too much.Renewable Energy. This option as a solution would involve the extraction of energy from sources that are self-replenishing from nature, for example sunlight, geothermal heat, tides, rain and wind. However, despite the fact that these sources of energy are widely known, there is need for sensitizing societies on the use of renewable energy sources as a solution to the problem of increasing oil...

Definition and Examples of American English (AmE)

Benefits Of Aquatic Therapy For Patients With Low Back Pain

if you are suffering chronic back pain being in warm water will cause vasodilation which will help lead blood towards the area of pain.1 Cold water can cause vasoconstriction which will help stop the blood from running to an area of acute injury. A systematic review by Waller , Lambeck , and Daly, composed of 37 aquatic therapy studies with 1007 participants, and picked 7 of those studies and used McGill Pain Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index, the number of work days lost from low back pain, and subjective assessment scale for pain to measure the outcomes. The SIGN 50 and PEDro scale assessment forms were used to assess the methodological quality. The results showed that aquatic therapy has a beneficial effect on low back pain, but, is no better than any other intervention.8 This study demonstrated that aquatic therapy can be beneficial for patients with low back pain but are not the only intervention that can help low back pain. A study by Baena-Beato, Artero, Arroyo-Morales, Robles-Fuentes, Gatto-Cardia, and Delgado-Fernà ¡ndez, study with forty-nine participants with low back pain, and split them into thr ee groups’ active, waiting list, and controlled group. The active group was then split into two months or five times/week. Participants on the waiting list were part of the control group but were offered aquatic therapy after the follow-up period of the study. The active group showed huge improvements in decreased disability and back pain, improved bodyShow MoreRelatedAquatic Therapy : A Therapy Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Aquatic therapy is a therapy that is done on water instead of land. Aquatic therapy can include water weights, exercises in the water, and water aerobics. Some programs will combine both land and water exercises, and other just water exercises. Aquatic therapy takes the weight off people so people are not bearing all their body weight like they are on land. 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Aquatic therapy is aRead MoreAquatic Therapy : A Therapy1913 Words   |  8 PagesAquatic therapy is a therapy that is done on water instead of land. Aquatic therapy can include water weights, exercises in water, and water aerobics. Some programs will combine both land and water exercises, and other just water exercises. Aq uatic therapy is taking weight off people so people are not bearing all their body weight like they are on land. Aquatic therapy can be used for many different types of illness, diseases, syndromes, disorders, pain, and musculoskeletal problems. EspeciallyRead MoreWhat Field Of Physical Therapy1724 Words   |  7 PagesIntro to PT Paper There are many areas, settings in Physical therapy .Such as Pediatrics, acute care, aquatics, geriatrics, education, oncology and so much more. I will be explaining what field of physical therapy that I strongly feel of pursuing and my least favorite field. Then I will give my whys and why nots feedback for each field that I talk about. 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An Analysis Of The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 851 Words

â€Å"The Awakening† By Kate Chopin is the story of a woman learning to follow herself. Kate Chopin creates a character named Edna who is coming to herself about who she truly is. In the story Edna, the woman, moves everything out of her path, in a very rebellious fashion, in order to grow as an individual. Chapter 19 of â€Å"The Awakening† is the midway point of the story. This chapter is Edna’s breaking point, where she comes to the realization that she does not need to follow the ways of society. As Chopins character, Edna, has reached the midway point of her journey, she begins to both lose and gain control of her emotions and abilities. This is the point in the book where she realizes she has lost control of herself. Edna had been†¦show more content†¦Her self expression through painting is used as an outlet for her expression as the new individual she has grown to be. Edna’s journey is a beautiful story of a womans learning of her surroundings and her personality. The story uses lots of elements of a womans life such as marriage, intimacy, and typical elements of a woman of the earlier centuries. This story has often been criticized by critics for its intimate descriptions of a woman and herself and those supporting her. â€Å"Critics were shocked and dismayed at Edna Pontelliers behavior and considered Chopins novel morbid and lacking literary value. In most cases, critics were at a loss to explain the reasons why an artist with Chopins undisputed literary talent would contribute to what one reviewer called the overworked field of sex fiction (Seyersted 219).† (Sprinkle) However, they do not take a look at the deeper meaning of the novel. Without the intimate description of Edna’s relationships with the sea the story would lack the beauty it is given. The last page of the chapter condenses a lot of important themes of the book into a few paragraphs. 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By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreThe Awakening: An Emergence of Womens RIghts in the Late Nineteenth Century1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe Awakening: An Emergence of Women’s Rights in the Late Nineteenth Century Kate Chopin’s The Awakening addresses the role of women within society during the late nineteenth century. The novel is set in South Louisiana, a place where tradition and culture also play a vital role in societal expectations. The novel’s protagonist, Edna Pontellier, initially fulfills her position in society as a wife and as a mother while suppressing her urges to live a life of passion and freedom. Edna’s relationshipRead MoreThe Life and Works of Kate Chopin1569 Words   |  6 PagesKate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the co nflict between the social traditional requirementsRead MoreThe Awakening Historicism Analysis968 Words   |  4 PagesA New Historicism Analysis of The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening is a story written in the late 19th century about a woman named Edna becoming independent and finding herself in a time when women had little to no rights and people saw them as the property of their husband. This is a new historicism literary criticism, analyzing how what was going on in the time period influenced this novel. Racism, sexism, and feminism were all going on at this time and therefore influenced it greatly. DuringRead MoreEssay on A Male Dominated Society During the 19th Century952 Words   |  4 Pagesis known that the male takes complete cruel supremacy over the years in our history. In The Awakening and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, they all convey the struggles that females faced to be accepted and to find their identity. To commence, women have been denied self-expression which impacted their daily lives. First of all, in The Awakening, a character Edna Pontellier would try to surpass the typical housewife society. For example

Atrocious Aftermath of Bullying - 833 Words

Imagine you are on your way home to your sister’s â€Å"Sweet 16† birthday party. You brought her a secret present and are excited to show it to her. You walk into her room thrilled to â€Å"pop the surprise† and instead of her being joyfully surprised, you become depressed with sadness that she hung herself from the ceiling fan. These kinds of disparities happen often due to bullying. Bullying should be dealt with to avoid the negative and morose consequences that can affect an individual’s life. Bullying should not be dealt with because a bully free society is not attainable. Some say that reaching a bully free society is not viable because to do so you must reach a â€Å"Utopia† which is â€Å"unrealistic and unachievable† (Kalman). Unfortunately, a â€Å"Utopia† is not achievable, so we must deal with bullying with all our strength and potential to prevent it from happening. A bully-free Utopia is impossible because bullying has become â€Å"the norm† and has grown to be recognized as â€Å"socially acceptable† (Casserly). Since a bully-free Utopia is unattainable we must use all measures to stop bullying from occurring and spreading like â€Å"wildfire†. Contrasting to why a Utopia is not possible, â€Å"Ladakh, is a region in which there is no bullying.† However, Ladakh is not a true Utopia (in which death is not present); it is a bully-free Utopia. A bully-free society can be created by practicing â€Å"wisdom† and â€Å"moral principles† (Kalman). Although, opponents of anti-bullying activists say that bullying shouldShow MoreRelatedChild Soldiers Long and Short Term Effects4806 Words   |  20 Pagesassistance and education, which has a severe and lasting impact on their development. Since 1998 there have been armed conflicts involving child soldiers in at least 36 countries. However, the traumatic scars left on children are just one of a vast aftermath of post war problems: refugees, food shortages and mourning for lost relatives. Former Child Soldiers may at best have their needs forgotten and at worst be blamed by their communities for what happened. Children from poor and disadvantaged families

Difference Between Nsf1993 And Nsf2012 for Finance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDifference Between Nsf1993 And Nsf2012 for Sale and Finance. Answer: The Norwegian Sales Form (NSF) is the most commonly used form of standard ship sale and purchase contract. This form was first adopted by the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) in 1956 (Soyer Tettenborn, 2016, p. 112). Since then, the form has undergone periodic revisions with the latest being the 2012 version. Unlike its 1993 predecessor, the NSF 2012 seeks to uphold commercial practice and address issues which might have led to disputes in the 1993 version. Firstly, the NSF 2012 reviews the 10% fixed deposit on the purchase price present in the 1993 version (Goldrein et al., 2013). In this respect, the NFS 2012 allows the contracting parties to settle on the deposit. However, if the parties fail to agree, the 10% set in the NSF 1993 is applied. Secondly, the NSF 2012 introduces new directives on divers inspection. According to Soyer and Tetenborn (2016), NSF 2012 requires the buyers to state their preference to complete a divers scrutiny nine days before delivery. Moreover, a Classification Society surveyors presence is mandatory for the inspection. These test directives were missing in the NSF 1993. Thirdly, the NSF 2012 has reduced the delivery cancellation dates in the NSF 1993 from seven running days to three banking days. Moreover, the NSF 2012 compels the sellers to accurately list all the items which are not covered by the purchase price(Goldrein et al., 2013). These items include those under hire or belonging to a third party. As Soyer and Tettenborn (2016) point out, the NSF 2012 also introduces two new clauses which were not present in earlier versions. These are the clause on notices and Entire Agreement." Reference List Goldrein, I., Hannaford, M. Turner, P., 2013. Ship Sale and Purchase. 6th ed. Oxford: Taylor Francis. Soyer, B. Tettenborn, A., 2016. Ship Building, Sale, and Finance. New York: CRC Press.